c {base} | R Documentation

## Combine Values into a Vector or List

### Description

This is a generic function which combines its arguments.

The default method combines its arguments to form a vector. All arguments are coerced to a common type which is the type of the returned value.

### Usage

    c(..., recursive=FALSE)

### Arguments

`...` | objects to be concatenated.
`recursive` | logical. If `recursive = TRUE`, the function recursively descends through lists combining all their elements into a vector.

### References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

### See Also

`unlist` and `as.vector` to produce attribute-free vectors.

### Examples

    c(1,7:9)
    c(1:5, 10.5, "next")

    ## append to a list:
    ll <- list(A = 1, c="C")
    ## do *not* use
    c(ll, d = 1:3) # which is == c(ll, as.list(c(d=1:3))
    ## but rather
    c(ll, d = list(1:3))# c() combining two lists

    c(list(A=c(B=1)), recursive=TRUE)

    c(options(), recursive=TRUE)
    c(list(A=c(B=1,C=2), B=c(E=7)), recursive=TRUE)

[Package base version 2.3.1 Index]