png {grDevices} | R Documentation

## BMP, JPEG and PNG graphics devices

### Description

A graphics device for BMP, JPEG or PNG format bitmap files.

### Usage

    bmp(filename = "Rplot%03d.bmp", width = 480, height = 480,
        pointsize = 12, bg = "white", res = NA, restoreConsole = TRUE)
    jpeg(filename = "Rplot%03d.jpg", width = 480, height = 480,
         pointsize = 12, quality = 75, bg = "white", res = NA,
         restoreConsole = TRUE)
    png(filename = "Rplot%03d.png", width = 480, height = 480,
        pointsize = 12, bg = "white", res = NA, restoreConsole = TRUE)

### Arguments

`filename` | the name of the output file, up to 511 characters. The page number is substituted if a C integer format is included in the character string, as in the default. (The result must be less than 600 characters long. See `postscript` for further details.)
`width` | the width of the device in pixels.
`height` | the height of the device in pixels.
`pointsize` | the default pointsize of plotted text, interpreted at 72 dpi, so one point is approximately one pixel.
`bg` | the initial background colour: can be overridden by setting par("bg").
`quality` | the ‘quality’ of the JPEG image, as a percentage. Smaller values will give more compression but also more degradation of the image.
`res` | The nominal resolution in dpi which will be recorded in the bitmap file, if a positive integer.
`restoreConsole` | See the Details section of `windows`

### Details

Plots in PNG and JPEG format can easily be converted to many other bitmap formats, and both can be displayed in most modern web browsers. The PNG format is lossless and is best for line diagrams and blocks of solid colour. The JPEG format is lossy, but may be useful for image plots, for example. The BMP format is standard on Windows, and supported elsewhere.

`png` supports transparent backgrounds on 16-bit (‘High Color’) or better screens: use `bg = "transparent"`. Not all PNG viewers render files with transparency correctly.

Windows imposes limits on the size of bitmaps: these are not documented in the SDK and may depend on the version of Windows. It seems that `width` and `height` are each limited to 2^15-1 and there is a 16Mb limit on the total amount of memory in Windows 95/98/ME.

By default no resolution is recorded in the file. Readers will often assume nominal resolution of 72dpi when none is recorded. As resolutions in PNG files are recorded in pixels/metre, the dpi value will be changed slightly.

Both `bmp` and `png` will use a palette if there are less than 256 colours on the page, and record a 24-bit RGB file otherwise.

### Value

A plot device is opened: nothing is returned to the R interpreter.

### Warnings

Note that the `width` and `height` are in pixels not inches. A warning will be issued if both are less than 20.

If you plot more than one page on one of these devices and do not include something like `%d` for the sequence number in `file`, the file will contain the last page plotted.

### Note

These devices effectively plot on a hidden screen and then copy the image to the required format. This means that they have the same colour handling as the actual screen device, and work best if that is set to a 24-bit or 32-bit colour mode.

### See Also

`Devices`, `dev.print`, `bitmap`

### Examples

    ## copy current plot to a (large) PNG file
    ## Not run: dev.print(png, file="myplot.png", width=1024, height=768)

    png(file="myplot.png", bg="transparent")
    plot(1:10)
    rect(1, 5, 3, 7, col="white")
    dev.off()

    jpeg(file="myplot.jpeg")
    example(rect)
    dev.off()
    ## End(Not run)

[Package grDevices version 2.3.1 Index]